There has been a widespread displacement of coal by natural gas as space heating and cooking technology in Turkey in …

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive multivariate cointegration analysis of three parts of the steam coal value … chain - export, transport and import prices. The analysis is based on a rich dataset of international coal prices; in … particular, we combine data on steam coal prices with freight rates, covering the period December 2001 until August 2009 at …

The efficiency of electricity generation in hard coal fired power plants varies considerably from country to country … abundance of hard coal and the price of hard coal are the two variables of our major interest. We assume that countries with an … abundance of hard coal or relatively low costs of extraction show smaller degrees of efficiency than countries with poor …

.S. prices of the non-renewable energy resources crude oil, natural gas and bituminous coal. Our main contribution is to allow … persistence, whereas our findings are robust to the exact date of the structural break. Our analysis yields that coal and natural … 1970s. The findings suggest that especially the coal market has remained fundamentals-driven, whereas for the oil market …