This paper compares retrospective and prospective analyses of the effect of flip charts on test scores in rural Kenyan schools. Retrospective estimates that focus on subjects for which flip charts are used suggest that flip charts raise test scores by up to 20 percent of a standard deviation....

This paper compares retrospective and prospective analyses of the effect of flip charts on test scores in rural Kenyan schools. Retrospective estimates that focus on subjects for which flip charts are used suggest that flip charts raise test scores by up to 20 percent of a standard deviation....

In Unternehmungen werden regelmäßig Entscheidungen über IT-Projekte getroffenmit dem Ziel, den Nutzen dieser Investitionen zu maximieren. Vor dem Hintergrund,dass rund zwei Drittel der IT-Projekte den prognostizierten Nutzen nicht erreichen,wird die Notwendigkeit einer ex ante Bewertung von...