We empirically examine the efficacy of various incentives of microlending contracts such as joint-liability or group access to future loans. We find that joint liability induces a group formation of low risk borrowers. Furthermore, the incentive system leads to peer measures between the...

Based on a sample of German innovating firms that contains information on formal and informal innovation cooperation between customers and suppliers, we state that firms perceive informal cooperation as being more important than formal cooperation modes. We then investigate the determinants of...

This paper analyses the co-operation activities of small Austrian firms with the CEEC and compares them to those of larger firms. Small firms are less likely to engage in cross-border co-operation than larger firms, more likely to co-operate in ownership based forms of co-operation but less...

Research and innovation partnerships involving firms or firms and public research organizations (PROs) have been increasing over the last twenty years in OECD countries. In this paper we present empirical evidence about the impact of government sponsored R&D programs on firms' partnership...

In this paper we focus on proximity as one of the main determinants of international collaboration in pharmaceutical research. We use various count data specifications of the gravity model to estimate the intensity of collaboration between pairs of countries as explained by the geographical,...