current increasing international sanctions aim to reduce the military capabilities and capacities of the Iranian government …

This study is an empirical attempt to find out whether under sanctions Iran’s trade direction has shifted away from … significant negative effect of sanctions on Iran–EU bilateral trade (by an average of 46.9%), while it has a positive impact on … various sanctions related to Iran’s nuclear program has pushed the country’s foreign trade to reorient away from Europe …

Using Iranian-province-level data from 2001-2013, this study finds that the international sanctions of 2012/2013 had a …, the international sanctions on Iran have damaged the informal economy even more than the formal economy. …