prices, productivity levels and markups as functions of openness to trade at a sectoral level. The theory lends itself … evidence that trade openness exerts a competitive effect, with prices and markups falling and productivity rising. Consistent …

estimate of firms' price responses to changes in prices of their competitors. We develop a general framework and an empirical …, which contains detailed information on firm domestic prices, marginal costs, and competitor prices. The rare features of …, that these findings have important implications for shaping the response of domestic prices to international shocks. …