This paper studies the effect of foreign-owned companies (FOCs) in the region on establishment survival and growth in the Finnish business sector. We analyze whether the presence of the FOCs has asymmetric effects among the local businesses. Foreign presence in the region is measured in a novel...

The effect of foreign-owned companies on entrepreneurial survival in the Finnish business sector is analyzed by using a new, exceptionally rich linked data on employees, entrepreneurs and their companies. Our new indicator of foreign presence, based on the observed spatial scopes of the local...

Aggregate productivity growth can be decomposed into growth within establishments, between establishments, and the impact of entering and exiting establishments. We demonstrate that such a productivity decomposition formula can also be used for studying intra-establishment restructuring through...

We study how upgrading the skills of the personnel affects a firm’s performance. Two different strategies are examined: 1) providing formal training and 2) strategic recruitment and separation policy. The use of register-based longitudinal employeremployee data supplemented with a survey on...

The contribution of different-sized businesses to job creation continues to attract policymakers’ attention, however, it has recently been recognized that conclusions about size were confounded with the effect of age. We probe the role of size, controlling for age, by comparing the cohorts of...