In 2000, the OECD began the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a triennial survey of the knowledge and skills of 15-year-olds. For each survey, Canadian students placed well above the OECD average and remain among the top performers for each domain assessed (reading, math and...

Canada is recognized as one of the top 10 countries in secondary education according to PISA results. A particularly intriguing case in this country is the large system of highly subsidized independent schools in the province of Québec where students also perform extremely well in PISA testing....

Exploiting unique administrative longitudinal data sets on medical services provided to mothers before- and after- delivery, we estimate the causal effects of two major distinct parental leave reforms on maternal health outcomes, over a period of 5 years postpartum. The health outcomes are...