substantially across physicians and was highly stable for individual physicians. Patients of physicians in the 75th versus 25th …

plausibly exogenous variation in the mix of physicians available to treat patients when they are admitted to the hospital via … rankings, sex, years of experience, and patient volume. The main finding is that when heart failure patients enter the hospital …

-hospitalization rates are estimated for a sample of heart-attack patients hospitalized in California between 1992 and 1998. The results …

plausibly exogenous variation in the mix of physicians available to treat patients when they are admitted to the hospital via … rankings, sex, years of experience, and patient volume. The main finding is that when heart failure patients enter the hospital …

of both patients and physicians. Introducing this concept in a spatial economics model, we derive an augmented gravity …