This paper substantially extends the available evidence on downward nominal wage rigidity in the European Union (EU …) histogram-location approach and apply it to employee micro data from the European Community Household Panel for 12 of the EU …'s member states. Our estimates for the degree of downward nominal wage rigidity on the national as well as the EU-wide level …

cyclical factors. We find significant cyclical asymmetry in the behaviour of fiscal variables in a sample of fourteen EU …

provide empirical evidence for the predictions of the theoretical model on the basis of data for OECD and EU countries …

limitations. This paper fills this gap using a method that merges the information of an EU household survey (EU-SILC) with a time … ranges between 20.1 per cent and 36.8 per cent of the EU GDP, depending on the applied methodology. The national values of …