The chapters of this cumulative dissertation contribute to the evidence base on the effect of different policies on decarbonising energy supply, in other words reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy use while maintaining energy services. The use of fossil fuels is the most important...

The future international climate policy architecture will most likely consist of partial climate policy initiatives like the EU's Emission Trading System. Trade integration threatens to undermine these systems' environmental effectiveness by shifting emissions to other countries. We estimate a...