Equivalence scales are routinely applied to adjust the income of households of different size and composition. Because … this paper, we employ German household expenditure data to estimate exact equivalence scales using several parametric … estimate are close to the modified OECD scale. Calculating the Gini coefficient, we find that the at-risk-of-poverty rate and …

What is the nature of labor income risk facing households? We answer this question using detailed administrative data …. Second, households face roughly half the countercyclical increase in risk that males face. Third, spousal labor income … ameliorates household earnings risk through both extensive and intensive margins …

measure income risk as the observed variation of household income over a five year period. We find that indeed higher income … theory suggests that with increasing labor income risk, the reluctance of households to hold stocks increases. We propose to … risk reduces the propensity to invest in stocks. However, when controlling for household heterogeneity as well as …