conditions in one generation affect productivity-related outcomes in later generations. Recent studies have found a negative … animal studies. We provide an external validation by analyzing the impact of the German famine of 1916-1918 on children and … generation, males (females) tend to have higher mental health scores if their paternal grandfather (maternal grandmother) was …

This paper examines the extent to which pre-puberty nutritional conditions in one generation affect productivity … transmits to children and grandchildren. Our findings indicate that third generation males (females) tend to have higher mental … health scores if their paternal grandfather (maternal grandmother) was exposed to a famine during preadolescence. These …

-term outcomes, including lifetime income, health, cognitive skills, and education. Our results show that the school lunch program … attainment and health and these effects can explain a large part of the return to school lunches. …

Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of nutrition early in life on health much later in life by comparing … provide exogenous variation in the provision of nutrition. However, living through a famine early in life does not necessarily … imply a lack of nutrition during that age interval, and vice versa, and in this sense the observed difference at most …

We estimate average causal effects of early-life hunger on late-life health by applying instrumental variable … estimation, using data with self-reported periods of hunger earlier in life, with famines as instruments. The data contain …