This paper investigates the effects of government spending on key macroeconomic variables in Germany. It contributes to the ongoing debate on how to properly identify exogenous fiscal shocks in the data and on whether or not the government should intervene in the business cycle. Following Ramey...

The Russia-Ukraine military conflict, commencing on February 24, 2022, notably impacted the international community. This study aims to quantify the volatility engendered by the conflict, drawing from the analysis of stock market indices across 40 countries. Time-series returns data from January...

This study examines causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in Tanzania during 1990-2020. As financial development and trade were not incorporated in extant studies, we included them as intermediate variables because of their intermediation role in...

This paper investigates the link between crude oil prices (COP) and green bonds through a rolling-window Granger-causality test. The positive, negative, and uncorrelated impacts of COP on the green bond index (GBI) are captured with the same sample. The positive effects show that the prosperity...