quality on educational attainment and returns to education has been particularly significant for the individuals born in … negative on school returns. Better school quality has also had asymmetric effects on the returns to education, positive for … education. Our evidence suggests that better school quality, measured by a lower pupil-teacher ratio, is a technical substitute …

by Deaton (1990) and Crawford et al. (1997) in order to take account of quality effects reflected in the unit values …-true quantity and quality elasticities. Expenditure elasticities are close, but we find large differences in price elasticities and …

quality choice in a way which is consistent with demand theory. The method is applied to Czech data. …