) by increasing the presence and activity of the police force, and (ii) causing more people to stay at home rather than … disrupting the police. Taken as a whole, the results are consistent with a stronger deterrence effect produced by an increased … police presence after a terror attack. A higher level of policing is likely to catch more people trespassing, and at the same …

efficiency of the provision of police services at the state level. …

property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response …