Applying a variant of a non-parametric matching estimator, we consider European funding and national funding as heterogeneous treatments, distinguishing and simultaneously analyzing the effect these treatments have on innovation input and performance. In terms of input, getting funding from both...

The paper examines the long-run relationship between innovation and per capita economic growth in the 19 European countries over the period 1989–2014. This study uses six different indicators of innovation: patents-residents, patents-non-residents, research and development expenditure,...

The original purpose of the concept of innovation systems was to explain international specialisation patterns (Freeman 2004, Lundvall 1985), but the focus of its later development has gradually become the institutional analysis of innovative activities (Carlsson, 2006; Lundvall, 2007b)....