importantly, we show that nongrowth firm values are comparable to growth firm values unless we assume a rise in growth consistent … with projections under TCJA where tax rates are lower. We demonstrate this projected growth increase is the key to make …

growth. For many of the types of hiring credits we examine we do not find positive effects on job growth. However, some … credits when job creation goals are not met, and refundable hiring credits - appear to have succeeded in boosting job growth … generate hiring without increasing employment or to generate much more hiring than net employment growth, consistent with these …