incentives for fertility should account for spillover effects on existing children. … sign of the marginal effects of additional siblings on children’s outcomes, our empirical model allows for an unrestricted …

exploit sex composition of children as an exogenous source of variation in family size to account for endogeneity of fertility … with one and more, two and more, and three and more children, I find no significant effect of fertility on female labor …This paper estimates the effect of having children on labor force participation of mothers in urban Iranian areas. I …

by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the …We examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation. Identification is complicated … outcomes of other children but also the very existence of potential additional children. We address this problem by looking at …

increase in fertility rates, particularly for second births among married and older women, providing suggestive evidence of an … increase in completed fertility. Second, we find an increase in overall female employment, likely due to the desire to qualify … the birth of a child. Our setting enables us to examine the effect of family policies in a region with patriarchal gender …

respond to children's endowments and to differences in endowments among siblings? Parental investment decisions depend both on … parental preferences regarding inequality in the distribution of their children's quality and on how costly it is for parents … to add to their children's quality by investing in their human capital (or the price effect). Our empirical strategy …