Human mortality has been improving faster than expected over the past few decades. This unprecedented improvement has … been observed in historical mortality data. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of four nonlinear time … conditional heteroskedasticity model for mortality data. By analyzing the mortality data from England and Wales and Italy spanning …

immediate impact on mortality rates. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that these events should not be treated as … nonrepetitive exogenous interventions. Therefore, mortality models incorporating jump effects are particularly important to capture … the adverse mortality shocks. The mortality models with jumps, which we consider in this study, differ in terms of the …