This paper compares different ways to estimate the current state of the economy using factor models that can handle unbalanced datasets. Due to the different release lags of business cycle indicators, data unbalancedness often emerges at the end of multivariate samples, which is sometimes...

The regional results of the Ifo Business Survey in industry and trade for Baden-Württtemberg not only provide an leading indication fo the current business situation in this German federal state but can also serve as a leading indicator for future regional economic development. The latter...

The Ifo Business Climate is one of the best-known German business cycle indicators. Studies on German business cycle indicators have ranked the Ifo Business Climate and its components in the top group of the indicators, together with incoming orders, money supply and interest rates. There is...