This paper analyzes how the implicit difference in time horizons between refugees and economic immigrants affects … same level of English skills. The two immigrant groups had made substantial gains by 1990; however, refugees had made …, refugees from the 1975-1980 arrival cohort earned 20 percent more, worked 4 percent more hours, and improved their English …

Germany. We examine their effect on today's productivity, wages, income, rents, education, and population density at the …After the end of World War II in 1945, millions of refugees arrived in what in 1949 became the Federal Republic of … dissolved in 1949. The spatial discontinuity arose because the US zone admitted refugees during the 1945-1949 occupation period …