A review of the measures of the stock of human capital used in empirical growth research reveals that human capital is mostly poorly proxied. The simple use of the most common proxy, average years of schooling of the working-age population, misspecifies the relationship between education and the...

A review of the measures of the stock of human capital used in empirical growth research reveals that human capital is mostly poorly proxied. The simple use of the most common proxy, average years of schooling of the working-age population, misspecifies the relationship between education and the...

This paper assesses the relationship between institutions, output, and productivity, when official output is corrected for the size of the shadow economy. Our results confirm the usual positive impact of institutional quality on official output and total factor productivity, and its negative...

This paper assesses the relationship between institutions, output, and productivity, when official output is corrected for the size of the shadow economy. Our results confirm the usual positive impact of institutional quality on official output and total factor productivity, and its negative...

Are labor markets in higher-income countries more meritocratic, in the sense that worker-job matching is based on skills rather than idiosyncratic attributes unrelated to productivity? If so, why? And what are the aggregate consequences? Using internationally comparable data on worker skills and...

This paper is the first attempt to directly explore the long-run nonlinear relationship between theshadow economy and level of development. Using a dataset of 158 countries over the period from1996 to 2015, our results reveal a robust U-shaped relationship between the shadow economy sizeand GDP...

The challenge of employment growth in SSA countries goes beyond economic growthprospects to include structural and demographic dimensions. This study examinesthe relative contributions of structural changes and demographic factors to employ-ment growth for a set of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)...

In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that ageing causes a decline on economic growth as claimed by Martins et al., (2005). The sample covers all western world and the United States. Data are taken from Eurostat and OECD. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible...

In the present paper it will be estimated econometrically with panel data the change in household consumption structure due to population ageing (as also claimed by Martins et al., 2005). Our sample will cover western European EC members. Data are drawn from Eurostat as well as OECD. The...