We examine the extent to which children are exposed to the welfare system through their mother's receipt of benefits … Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that children's welfare exposure is substantial. By age 10 over one-third of all … children will have lived in a welfare household; black, non-Hispanic children face a much higher rate of exposure. Simple …

children, but there are many open questions about how such changes can be sustained after transfers end. This paper analyzes …. Households randomly exposed to female leaders with the largest package sustained higher investments in their children and … reported higher expectations and aspirations for the future of their children. These results suggest that program design …

We examine the extent to which children are exposed to the welfare system through their mother's receipt of benefits … Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that children's welfare exposure is substantial. By age 10 over one-third of all … children will have lived in a welfare household; black, non-Hispanic children face a much higher rate of exposure. Simple …

effects, and test for the potential endogeneity of child health. Mothers with children in poor health are 5 percentage points … those with healthy children. They are also more likely than those with healthy children to receive Medicaid and housing …