Based on an analysis of cartel prosecutions since 2007, this article assesses the way the European Commission has built …

case of cartel violations, both the United States and the EU have introduced guidelines for calculating fines that are … intended to make fining decisions more transparent and to deter cartel formation. The research summarized in this paper finds …-deterrence theory dictates. We do find rather large differences in temporal patterns between U.S. and EC fines: the former do not …

detecting and deterring cartels. As a supplementary analysis, the US leniency is studied. I discuss a dynamic model of cartel … heterogeneity of cartels and the time-varying policy impacts suggested by theory. Contrary to earlier studies, my statistical tests … formation and dissolution to illustrate how changes in antitrust policies and economic conditions might affect cartel duration …

detecting and deterring cartels. As a supplementary analysis, the US leniency is studied. I discuss a dynamic model of cartel … heterogeneity of cartels and the time-varying policy impacts suggested by theory. Contrary to earlier studies, my statistical tests … formation and dissolution to illustrate how changes in antitrust policies and economic conditions might affect cartel duration …

Leniency programs as a tool for cartel detection and cartel destabilization, have been implemented since the early … nineties. Theoretical work has shown that leniency programs can be eff ective in enhancing cartel detection and deterrence, but … these e ffects are not straight-forward. It is even possible that there is an increase in the total number of cartels …

Leniency programs as a tool for cartel detection and cartel destabilization, have been implemented since the early … nineties. Theoretical work has shown that leniency programs can be effective in enhancing cartel detection and deterrence, but … these effects are not straight-forward. It is even possible that there is an increase in the total number of cartels …

price level: the price level that would have been observed in the absence of the cartel. This article discusses the …