Since China's reform and opening up, the urban economy has substantially developed, and the nation’s urbanization process has advanced to gradually enter a "new normal" phase. In this process, China's population and industries continue to inundate its cities, and environmental pollution has...

There is now a large literature on the correlates of prenatal androgen exposure and various individual measures of performance in sports, business, or schooling. However, there is still relatively limited evidence of the impact of prenatal androgens on life achievement. Using data from the...

This paper re-examines Blanchard and Quah's (1989) aggregate supply/demand model interpretation of output shocks using data from ten countries. Although postwar data support their interpretation, the model is not supported by nineteenth century data. In the postwar period, permanent output...