Using 1994-2009 data, we document that All-American (AA) analysts' buy and sell recommendations outperform those of non-AAs by over 7% per annum after risk-adjustments. This performance differential exists both before and after AAs are elected, does not exhibit long-run reversal, and is not...

Using 1994–2009 data, we find that All-American (AA) analysts' buy and sell portfolio alphas significantly exceed those of non-AAs by up to 7% per annum after risk-adjustments for investors with advance access to analyst recommendations. For investors without such access, top-rank AAs still...

Using 1994-2009 data, we find that All-American (AA) analysts' buy and sell portfolio alphas significantly exceed those of non-AAs by up to 0.6% per month after risk-adjustments for investors with advance access to analyst recommendations. For investors without such access, top-rank AAs still...

We examine how information risk and transaction costs influence the initial and subsequent market reaction to earnings news. We find that the initial market reaction is higher per unit of earnings surprise for higher information risk firms (information content effect). Furthermore, it is...

Most existing text-based sentiment measures in finance are lexicon-based which are effectively based on word counts of positive and negative sentiment dictionaries, and naturally lose most information. We measure news sentiment using BERT, a state-of-the-art large language model, which reads and...