19 countries. Our identification strategy relies on the idea that Internet access is important in the formation of ICT … skills, and we implement instrumental-variable models that leverage exogenous variation in Internet availability across …. Placebo estimations show that exogenous Internet availability cannot explain numeracy or literacy skills, suggesting that our …

strategy relies on the idea that Internet access is important in the formation of ICT skills, and we implement instrumental …-variable models that leverage exogenous variation in Internet availability across countries and across German municipalities. ICT … in the international analysis and are almost twice as large in Germany. Placebo estimations show that exogenous Internet …

induced variation in broadband Internet availability that gives rise to variation in ICT skills across countries and German …