After the end of World War II in 1945, millions of refugees arrived in what in 1949 became the Federal Republic of … dissolved in 1949. The spatial discontinuity arose because the US zone admitted refugees during the 1945-1949 occupation period …'s economic differences are the result of agglomeration effects triggered by the arrival of refugees in the former US zone. We …

examines the determinants of skill downgrading among two types of immigrants - refugees and economic immigrants - in the German … labor markets between 1984 and 2018. We find that refugees downgrade more than economic immigrants, and this discrepancy …

After the end of World War II in 1945, millions of refugees arrived in what in 1949 became the Federal Republic of … dissolved in 1949. The spatial discontinuity arose because the US zone admitted refugees during the 1945-1949 occupation period … refugees in the former US zone. We estimate that exposure to the arrival of refugees raised income per capita by around 13% and …