appreciates in response to an asymmetric negative demand shock at the zero lower bound (ZLB) and exacerbates the adverse … at the ZLB. In sharp contrast to the full information model: (i) A negative demand shock concentrated in the home country … causes a real exchange rate depreciation that partially absorbs the demand shock. (ii) A VAR with an identified demand shock …

policy shock) and interest rate movements driven by exogenous information about the economy from the central bank (the … information shock). In order to disentangle the effects of these two shocks, we use interest rate changes on days of macroeconomic …

role played by inflation expectations and the money supply shocks during major oil shock episodes. These shocks partially … replace roles previously attributed to the precautionary oil demand shock and the aggregate demand shock during the three … major oil shock periods of the 1970s-1980s, post-2008 and during the 2020-2021 pandemic. The results show that both real oil …

, with a contractionary shock leading to a downward revision of expectations. Second, we show that firms' response depends on … the size and the sign of the shock, with only large and contractionary shocks having a significant negative effect on … expectations. Third, we observe that the different components of central bank communication (i.e. the pure monetary policy shock …