determining trade integration, testing for digitization using the Bayesian gravity equation is vital. After performing a series of … of digitization are positively significant. Further, economic size, area, and exchange rate of the destination, and … the real trade. The measures of bilateral trade resistance or costs associated with the trade flow of the digitization has …

The present study employs the state of the art bias-corrected Malmquist Productivity Index method to examine the … sources of efficiency and productivity of the foreign and domestic banks operating in the Malaysian banking sector. The … (technological change [TECHCH]). The results indicate that the Malaysian banking sector has exhibited productivity progress mainly …

The manufacturing sector is an important source of productivity growth and exports. Manufacturing firms are generally … known about the productivity performance of the sector and its drivers in South Africa. The recent availability of firm …-level tax administration data has made it possible to measure and analyse the productivity of manufacturing firms in South …

The factor X in the RPI-X regulation aims to adjust price or revenue allowances to changes in total factor productivity …