earlier waves of repatriates, which provides us a strong source of exogenous variation in the 1989 immigrant shock across …

to document that the employment decline was particularly severe for immigrants. Historically, immigrant men were more … likely to be employed than native men. The COVID-related labor market disruptions eliminated the immigrant employment … advantage. By April 2020, immigrant men had lower employment rates than native men. The reversal occurred both because the rate …

to document that the employment decline was particularly severe for immigrants. Historically, immigrant men were more … likely to be employed than native men. The COVID-related labor market disruptions eliminated the immigrant employment … advantage.By April 2020, immigrant men had lower employment rates than native men. The reversal occurred both because the rate …

counterfactual. We use a unique dataset on immigrant workers that includes those employed in both formal and informal sector. We find … between immigrant and native workers. Calibrating a simple partial equilibrium model of spillovers between formal and informal …