the leading principle of the Dutch education system since the beginning of the 20th century. Based on panel data for the … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …

learning in Indonesian primary schools. As the responsibility to deliver primary education has been decentralized to district …. However, teacher management policy variables, including school budgets, participation rates in teacher working groups, or …

knowledge. We show that achievements of low ability students may be higher in a comprehensive school system, even if there are … no synergy effects from teaching different students together. This arises because the comprehensive school sets a …