disadvantaged neighborhoods and serve students who are substantially poorer than the average public school student in New York City … and their effects on achievement. The policy with the most notable and robust association is a long school year--as long …

variation in school attendance, allowing us to remove self-selection bias. Despite large differences in teacher quality and peer … quality across these school types, we find little evidence of any relative benefit in attending an assisted school between the …

This article investigates the biases involved in estimating the effects of teacher attributes on school’s performance …