Very few studies currently exist on the long-term impacts of schooling policies in developing countries. We examine the impacts-half a century later-of a mass education program conducted by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the occupied areas during the First Indochina War....

Co-operation, clustering - whether formal or informal - and the use of new technologies can all offer ways to relieve the isolation of small schools. Expanding the range of educational and social services they provide can enhance their contribution to their communities. This report, which...