financial structure that has the purpose of maximizing business performance in the sense of maximizing profitability and return … profitability (measured by rates of return on equity). This paper seeks to answer the question of cause and effect in the context of … financial structure and profitability of the company: whether a certain financial structure (higher or lower indebtedness …

Profitability is substantial for any firm to maintain business and enable long-term sustainability. Firms' decision on … new empirical evidence on the influence of debt (debt ratio and debt to equity ratio) on firm profitability (ROA), with … significant correlation and negative influence of debt ratio and capital structure on firm profitability. …