tools of economics to assess the outcome of efforts to solve education’s equal opportunity problem in a range of countries … high performance standards, for example, and well-designed school choice--but also raises considerable doubts about whether … many current school policies are effective in dramatically altering the opportunity structure. The evidence presented also …

the leading principle of the Dutch education system since the beginning of the 20th century. Based on panel data for the … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …

with school system resources. The model is rich, yet sufficiently stylized to provide novel implications. It can show, for … example, that an improvement in parental outside options will reduce parental and school effort, which are partially … compensated through school resources. In this way, by incorporating the behavioral responses of parents, teachers and policymakers …