Frontier markets, which are countries that have not yet reached emerging market status, have been shown to provide diversification benefits for international investors. However, many stocks in these markets are thinly traded so liquidity is an important consideration. We investigate which...

We document the performance of liquidity proxies in ETFs. Most proxies are developed for use in equities. However, ETFs have lower asymmetric information, more algorithmic trading, and an active primary market where units are frequently created and redeemed. Using a comprehensive database of...

Transaction costs in many international equity markets are reported as being much larger than those in the U.S. This raises questions such as what trade size these reported trading costs relate to and whether investors can reduce trading costs by timing their trades. We show, using data from the...