This paper studies the workup protocol, a unique trading feature in the U.S. Treasury securities market that resembles a mechanism for discovering dark liquidity. We quantify its role in the price formation process in a model of the dynamics of price and segmented order flow induced by the...

Empirical studies on the influence of tick-size reduction towards market liquidity have focused almost exclusively on quote-driven markets in developed nations, and generally their findings are based on time periods of less than one year. This work investigates the influence of tick-size...

This supplemental appendix extends the main paper by presenting additional analyses and robustness checks. It also describes the procedure to construct the Monthly TAQ effective spread benchmark.The paper "A Simple Estimation of Bid-Ask Spreads from Daily Close, High, and Low Prices" to which...

We analyze different dimensions of liquidity on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) by using detailed order and transaction data for all ISE stocks. We estimate the limit order book on the ISE at each point in time and examine the intraday behavior of spreads, depths, returns and volume. We find...

We analyze different dimensions of liquidity on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) by using detailed order and transaction data for all ISE stocks. We estimate the limit order book on the ISE at each point in time and examine the intraday behavior of spreads, depths, returns and volume. We find...

Using a sample of NYSE firms from the first quarter of 2012, we show that the NBBO Depth is negatively affected by quote competition between exchanges and by excess Algorithmic Trading (AT) activity, but positively impacted by volume fragmentation. Trade execution quality also decreases with...

High frequency trading (HFT) depends on sophisticated algorithms to closely monitor price changes across securities. Theory predicts this technological advantage should translate into market-wide liquidity co-variation, by transmitting information-based liquidity shocks. Using a dataset of...

We propose a new method to estimate the bid-ask spread when quote data are not available. Compared to other low-frequency estimates, this method utilizes a wider information set, namely, readily available close, high, and low prices. In the absence of end-of-day quote data, this method generally...

We estimate effective spreads and round-trip transaction costs at the Berlin Stock Exchange for the period 1892-1913 using daily stock market returns for a sample of 27 stocks. Our results show that transaction costs at the main stock exchange in a bank-based financial system at the turn of the...