It is widely accepted that the highly volatile Panamax market has many peculiarities; for example, Panamax vessels transport the major and the minor dry bulk cargoes worldwide. In contrast, the variety of cargoes and the flexibility in various trade routes, which the Panamax vessels follow,...

We present a closed-form solution connecting the probability of informed trading (PIN) to the overlooked parameter that signaling private information is good or bad. Estimating PIN using illegal insider trading data, we find it sensitive to the certainty of positive private information in...

Syndicated loan offerings exhibit U-shaped underpricing. We develop a model of loan underwriting that incorporates the lead bank's loan retention to explain this phenomenon. The bank partially adjusts the offer price for “hot” loans with strong demand, resulting in underpricing to induce...