We propose a novel risk measure that relates to subsequent negative conditional stock market returns. Our risk measure considers both the fragility and stress of the market. Fragility is measured by the Fragility Index developed by Berger and Pukthuanthong (2012) and market stress is based on...

We conduct an experiment in which assets of lower volatility risk are sequentially added to the investment opportunity set (IOS) of a fixed investment horizon. Econometric spanning tests show that the limiting IOS is the linear boundaries defined by the limiting IOS asymptotes, implying more...