The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of financial leverage in companies before and after the use of off-balance sheet financing in firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method was causal-comparative descriptive. The population was all the accepted companies in...

In this study I use a large sample of quarterly changes in equity holding by institutional investors and find strong evidence that the functions of institutional investors which were missing in India (Khanna and Palepu, 2000) are taking shape as external controllers of corporate governance. I...

We investigate the impact of CEO activism, the increasingly common practice of CEOs speaking out on social/political issues, on firm value. CEO activism may be beneficial for shareholders, as it can bolster firms' relationships with customers and employees. Alternatively, CEO activism may be...