In this article, we analyze the effects of the spread risk in terms of basis points from changes in the market prices of callable bond future due to credit risk. Due to the fact that fixed – income securities are debt that is issued and transferred between two parties there is significant...

The shape of the VIX term structure conveys information about the price of variance risk rather than expected changes in the VIX, a rejection of the expectations hypothesis. A single principal component, Slope, summarizes nearly all this information, predicting the excess returns of S&P 500...