This study investigates how three regulatory reforms undertaken in the aftermath of the global financial crisis have affected returns of real estate companies. The three reforms are aimed at regulating different segments of the market – Basel III targets banks, and could restrict the...

Although spatial techniques have been used to capture the spillovers in asset returns across different regions, they have not yet been applied in an asset pricing context. Combining asset pricing models and equilibrium spatial models can be a good way to disentangle spillover effects across...

We follow the seminal work of Paelinck (1978) who introduces spatial interdependence of, i.e. income, expenditure, investment, to classic Keynesian economic models, and estimate a spatial factor model. Asset prices may display characteristics of spatial dependence meaning spatial proximity can...