employ 'harmful' resistance that is not perceived as being motivated by shareholders' interests. We find that harmful …

corporate governance scholars should understand the nonfinancial motivations of shareholders when evaluating potential conflicts … controlling-versus-minority shareholders. Lastly, the PP literature should shift its rhetoric from conflicts to a good balance …

generally create wealth, as shareholders at best realize modest gains and at worst break even …

.S. But we argue that outside investors in European listed firms with controlling shareholders are poorly protected compared … shareholders rather than shielding passive investors, is not well suited for controlled, listed firms. This approach translates … into a lack of definition and development of specific fiduciary duties of the controlling shareholders towards market …

a greater likelihood of goodwill impairment. Overall, our findings indicate that controlling shareholders increasingly … expropriate minority shareholders through self-serving corporate takeovers after the stock pledge …

sunset after a fixed period of time (such as ten or fifteen years) unless their extension is approved by shareholders …