We investigate how shocks to the reputation of credit rating agencies and the subsequent introduction of stricter regulation affect investors' reaction to rating signals. We focus on three major episodes of reputational distress: The Enron/WorldCom scandals, the subprime crisis and the lawsuit...

We investigate how shocks to the reputation of credit rating agencies and the subsequent introduction of stricter regulation affect investors’ reaction to rating signals. We focus on three major episodes of reputational distress: the Enron/WorldCom scandals, the subprime crisis and the lawsuit...

We exploit the exogenous COVID-19 shock in a bicultural area of Italy to identify cultural differences in the way companies respond to economic shocks, and in their resilience to those shocks. Firms with managers of diverse cultural backgrounds resort to different forms of government aid,...