Since 1998, Singapore has had an Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system set up with a network of toll gantries to tax vehicles entering designated areas in the city center during peak hours. Using the congestion rate hike with effect from November 1, 2010 as an exogenous shock, we test the effects...

Innovation in land transport management has revolutionised public and private transport in Singapore. The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is a good case study for this. Using Albury’s framework of public sector innovation, this paper investigates the sources, drivers, barriers and risks of the...

Digitalisation is expected to radically change the prospects of the types of occupations that will be needed in the future. This report examines the susceptibility of jobs to computerisation and automation in Singapore by drawing on the methodology and initial data in Frey and Osborne (2013). We...