Purpose – This paper aims to examine both the cointegrating and causal relationships among inward FDI and the host country's employment in manufacturing and services sectors. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework to test the...

Manufacturing and services have been regarded as the ???twin engines' of growth for Singapore economy. As the economy is moving up the value chain from downstream to upstream activities, a significant proportion of FDI (foreign direct investment) has been attracted to the manufacturing and...

Tourism has been identified as one of the key growth sectors in Singapore economy. Given that the city state has been recognised as one of the most open economies in the world, this study attempts to explore the causality relationships between tourism, openness to merchandise and services trade....

This paper aims to explore the causality pattern between OFDI and major external trade components (i.e. exports and imports of merchandise as well as services) using Singapore as a case, since it is one of the largest outward investors in the Asian region, and is overtly trade-dependent. The...