This paper estimates the costs of EU restraints on trade in textiles and clothing. After explaining the methods used, we examine the impact of an opening up of EU trade in textiles and clothing, inter alia to those economies where the textile and clothing (T&C) industries command sizeable shares...

Between the 1940s and 1970s, Spain used a variety of economic policies that hindered international trade. Because the mix of tariffs, quotas, administrative barriers, and exchange rate regimes varied greatly over time, the quantification of the effect of the various trade policies on...

There are two main types of protection costs, "natural costs", such as transportation costs, and imposed costs, such as tariffs and embargoes. Imposed costs have been used for a variety of reasons including raising state revenue and protecting domestic producers. Reducing "natural" protection...

This paper explores the welfare consequences of international outsourcing in the presence of resulting environmental damage in a three-stage model of North-South trade. In stage 1, outsourcing firms in the North (e.g., United States [US] and Europe) cause environmental damage to the vendor...

This paper shows that bilateral currency crises reduce bilateral trade up to 50% after controlling for the depreciation rate. Using a trade model, these reductions are connected to the welfare costs of currency crises. The results show that a single currency crisis can result in welfare...