Absolute poverty has dropped markedly in Bulgaria but income inequality has increased substantially in the aftermath of …

The concept of poverty is discussed using qualitative and quantitative measures as an indicator for social deprivation …. Poverty can be absolute, relative, income-based, consumption-based, or entitlement-based. The variation in the concept of … poverty reveals its dimensionality. However, when closely examined, these dimensions are seen to be conceptually interrelated …

in poverty and income inequality, up to 2010 or 2011 in most countries. We provide measures of the levels and trends in … each of these areas, as well as an integrated discussion of empirical choices made in the measurement of poverty, overall …

poverty and wellbeing. This framing is reflective of Brazil's national narrative on race relations and the idea that class and … employment status have been the most salient barriers to social welfare protections. Brazil's widely well-regarded anti-poverty … systems offers important lessons on how poverty relief can further human development and enhance agency. Future reformers can …

How should relative poverty be defined and measured in a European Union where there are substantial variations in … suggests that Europe-wide comparisons are more important to the perception of poverty than the convention of national relative … poverty lines would have led us to expect. Even relative poverty is more prevalent in the new low-income (eastern) countries …

poverty over the period, and what poverty reduction there has been has mostly occurred in Dar es Salaam. Indicators of non …-monetary poverty have gradually improved over the past 20 years but significant differences across the country remain. …

This chapter reviews the empirical evidence on the levels and trends in income/consumption inequality and poverty in … poverty across countries and regions, an assessment of trends in these variables since the early 1980s, and a general … discussion of their determinants. There has been tremendous progress in the measurement of inequality and poverty in the …

, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … provides further empirical evidence on the role of urbanization and government policies in urban poverty. Several conclusions … can be drawn from. First, urbanization has a significant effect on reducing both poverty of rural residents and poverty of …