Despite labour market informality, Brazil has reached a remarkable benefit coverage among the elderly over the last decades. This coverage extension is, to a large extent, due to two flat-rate pension programmes not requiring individual contribution. The rural scheme, with nearly 7 million...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive disruptions to the global economy and forced policymakers to respond to the newly created challenges. Many policy institutions have therefore had to rethink their established approaches and their usual policy responses.

The primary aim of the study is to provide updated estimates of the financing gap to attain universal coverage for social protection floors. This estimation encompasses 133 low- and middle-income countries, and includes five income security guarantees (for children, persons with severe...

The employer`s payroll contribution for pension system relief has been one of the most important topic on the debate about social security. Some advocates that the traditional source of funds for pension system tends to undergo a process of erosion.And there are critics, who argue that there is...

What are the possible impacts of social protection benefits on economic growth? Although the main objective of these benefits is to protect people from poverty, shocks and social risks - and not promote economic growth - this question pervades both the theoretical and the empirical literature on...